Personal loan trap: Flat rate no better than reducing one

By Khyati Dharamsi,ET Bureau 

Placed at the entrance of the office, the big banner proclaimed the USP of the non-banking finance company (NBFC)—“No disclosure of the purpose of the loan.” I was grateful. Despite racking my brains for hours, I hadn’t come up with an urgent reason for a Rs 3-lakh personal loan.

All the options seemed clichéd—illness in family, debtors threatening to sue or capitation fee for a sibling’s education. Weekend doses of potboiler movies were taking their toll. The relationship manger (RM) lived up to the NBFC—not once did he ask why I wanted Rs 3 lakh. The questions were basic.

“Do you own a credit card or have you taken any other loan?” he began. “No,” I replied. My credit record was clean. In fact, I had no record at all. Most investors think this is a good thing. Would the RM let on the truth? He did: “We need to examine your credit record with Credit Information Bureau India Limited for the past one year. If you have no loan or credit card, there is no record. We can’t give you a loan.” I was stumped.

My application had been turned down within five minutes. Where were the false promises to ensure I took a loan? They were coming. The first one was a lame attempt. “Take a credit card. Don't use it if you are uncomfortable. After one year, we will give the loan,” said the RM. What about the emergency for which I needed the money? Would it wait for one year? Of course, I had forgotten.

The NBFC didn’t ask for the purpose of the loan, so they couldn’t be bothered. I murmured something about an emergency and started to get up. “Wait,” ordered the RM. I sat down again. “Does anyone in your family have a credit card? Or has anyone taken a loan?” he asked His second attempt hit pay dirt. I told him that my husband had a credit card and was servicing a home loan. Would that do? “Of course. Take the loan in his name.

What is his annual income?” he asked. I gave a random figure. He tinkered with a calculator and said my husband was eligible for a personal loan up to Rs 6 lakh. It wasn’t his business that my husband’s cash flow could not accommodate another EMI. It was time to ask the most important question: “What is the interest rate on my loan?” The RM excused himself to discuss it with his senior. 

Within five minutes he had the answer: "Your EMI will be Rs 10,696." Alarm bells ought to have started clanging. Instead of revealing the loan rate, the RM was talking about the EMI. Why? I pushed him to tell me the loan rate. He hemmed and hawed but seeing no way out, gave me the figure: 9.45% It wasn't shocking. As expected, the NBFC was charging 7-15% lower interest than banks. This is why people go to them: lesser paperwork and cheaper rates. Also, most don't know the difference between a flat rate and a reducing balance rate.

I wasn't supposed to know either. Continuing to play a naïve investor, I asked: "What will be the rate in the way banks calculate interest?" The RM was not ready for the poser. He stared at me, his computer screen and again at me. Finally, he said reluctantly: 17%. The cat was out of the bag. Banks advertise loan rates calculated on reducing balance, while NBFC's rate was applicable on the entire loan.

In absolute terms, the EMIs would not be very different. I asked the RM to explain why the second figure was higher. "It has been calculated on a reducing balance whereas ours is a flat loan rate. Double the flat rate and you get the reducing rate," he said. In that case, twice 9.45 should be 17, right? Even ordinary investors would have seen through his sham. The RM knew he had messed up. Quickly, he moved to plan B. If you can't convince, confuse. "In a flat rate loan, you have to pay the entire amount if you pre-pay within six months.

In a reducing balance loan rate, you don't have to pay anything except the principle." Did the RM realise he was favouring banks and not the NBFC? Trying to rush, the RM explained the sanctioning of loan. I had to give photocopies of some documents. EMIs would start from 3 February. "So I won't pay anything for the month of January, right?" I asked. The RM's smile slipped a notch. "You will be charged a pre-EMI interest of Rs 10,000 up to 3 February 2011.

I can't set up the direct debit from 3 January as it is only two working days from sanction date (30 December). But don't worry. The amount will be deducted from the loan cheque," he said. What about the processing fee? It was 2% of the loan and would be deducted from the loan cheque as well. I insisted on paying pre-EMI interest and processing fee—totaling Rs 25,000 in cash. But the RM didn't budge.

"We are doing this for you. How does it matter whether you pay now or through the loan?" he asked. It didn't matter to him. I would be the one paying 17% interest on Rs 3.25 lakh instead of Rs 3 lakh.

When I confronted him with this, the RM offered another deal: "If you take this loan from me, I will reduce the interest to 16% and the processing fee to 1.5%." I had to give him credit: He was a lousy RM but a relentless salesman. It is a pity that most people can't make out the difference.

Eight tax saving secrets you should know

This article is from ET Wealth

The Income Tax Act 1961 is a voluminous piece of legislation. Taxmann Publications’ latest edition of the Act runs into 1,125 pages. It’s enough to intimidate even the most diligent law student and tax expert, leave alone ordinary taxpayers. But hidden away in the 300-odd sections and 14 schedules are clauses that can benefit ordinary taxpayers-provided they know how to claim those benefit.

ET Wealth spoke to a range of tax experts to glean information on little-known tax benefits you may be entitled to. Here are eight deductions that can help you save tax over and above the tax saving investments you make during the year.

1. Use losses in stocks to cut tax

Can you gain from the short-term losses you made on stocks? Yes, says the Income Tax Act. If you have made any long-term capital gains from sale of property, gold or debt funds, you can set them off against short-term capital losses made on stocks and bring down your tax liability. “Short term capital losses can be set off against both shortterm capital gains as well as taxable long-term capital gains,” says Sandeep Shanbhag, director of Wonderland Consultants, a Mumbai-based tax planning and financial consultancy. This can be especially useful for someone who has booked profits on gold ETFs and physical gold this year. Suppose you have sold a property and made a long-term capital gain of Rs 30 lakh after indexation.

At 20%, the tax payable on this long-term capital gain is Rs 6 lakh. However, if you have also sold some junk stocks during the year and made a short-term loss of Rs 3 lakh, you can set this off against the gains from the property. Then the gain from the property will get reduced to only Rs 27 lakh and the tax payable will be Rs 5.4 lakh. However, the law makes a distinction here. One cannot set off short-term gains from stocks against long-term capital losses from the other assets. “Long term capital losses can only be set off against taxable long-term capital gains,” says Shanbhag.

How much tax can you save: Setting off a short-term loss of Rs 3 lakh against longterm gains can help you save Rs 60,000.

Proof required: Keep record of your equity trading account statement with details of the transactions that resulted in losses.

2. Get deduction for rent even without HRA

House rent can account for as much as 40-50% of the total household expense. That’s why the house rent allowance is exempt from tax to a certain limit. But what if your salary does not include an HRA component or you are a self-employed professional or businessman? Under Section 80GG, you can claim deduction of the rent paid even if you don’t get HRA. “Not many people are aware of this deduction,” says chartered accountant Mehul Sheth. But there are stiff conditions to be met. The least of the following three can be claimed as deduction: rent paid less 10% of total income; or Rs 2,000 a month; or 25% of total income. Also, the taxpayer should not be drawing any HRA or any housing benefit.

Besides, he or his spouse or minor child should not own a house in the city where he stays and he should not be claiming tax benefits for some other self-occupied house. Whew. Incidentally, if you are living in your parents’ house, you can pay rent to them. If your parent has no other income or pays a lower tax, this can bring down your tax liability significantly. However, the rent will be taxable as the income of the parent after a 30% standard deduction. This means, you can pay a senior citizen parent up to Rs 3.43 lakh a year.

How much tax can you save: Given the stiff conditions, one can’t claim more than Rs 2,000 as deduction per month under Sec 80GG. But this can bring down your tax by Rs 7,400 a year in the highest tax bracket.

Proof required: Taxpayer has to submit a declaration on form 10-BA that he is paying rent and not receiving HRA.
 
3. Pay lower tax if someone is ill

The treatment of a chronic illness can be a drain on the finances of a taxpayer. That’s why the Income tax Act allows a taxpayer to claim a deduction of Rs 40,000 if he has a dependent who suffers from any of the ailments specified under Section 80DDB. “The deduction is higher at Rs 60,000 if the patient is a senior citizen,” says chartered accountant Paras Savla. The diseases include, neurological diseases (including dementia, dystonia musculorum deformans, motor neuron disease, ataxia, chorea, hemiballismus, aphasia and Parkinson’s disease), malignant cancers, full-blown AIDS, chronic kidney failure and haematological disorders (haemophilia and thalassaemia). Dependents can include spouse, children, parents and siblings. However, there are a few conditions.

The patient should be wholly or mainly dependent on the taxpayer and should not have separately claimed deduction for the disability. If the amount spent is reimbursed by the employer or an insurance company, there is no deduction. If the taxpayer gets a partial reimbursement of the expenses, the balance can be claimed as deduction.

How much tax can you save: If a dependent is a patient, the taxpayer’s liability comes down by 12,360 in the highest income bracket. If the patient is a senior citizen, the tax is lower by Rs 18,540.

Proof required: One needs a certificate of the illness from a specialist in a government hospital.


4. Claim benefits for your political affiliations

Can you lower your tax if you have political connections? Apparently you can. Any amount contributed to a recognized political party can be claimed as a deduction under Section 80GGC (80GGB for corporates). “This is a new deduction and was introduced in April 2010. The donation can also be made to the electoral trust which works for the purpose of conducting elections,” says Sheth. Interestingly, unlike other deductions, there is no ceiling on the amount that can be claimed as a deduction. Of course, the deduction is available only if the donation went into the party coffers.

Cash given to individuals doesn’t count. Other donations also get you tax benefits. Under Section 80G, donations to charitable organizations get deduction ranging from 50% to 100%. It’s a good idea to know how much deduction would be available before you write a cheque. However, There is a ceiling to the deduction a taxpayer can claim in a year. “The quantum of deduction is limited to 10% of the gross total income of the donor,” says Tapati Ghose, partner at Deloitte Haskins & Sells. Also, only cash donations are taken into account. Food, clothes and medicines do not qualify.

How much tax can you save: In the highest tax bracket, a donation of Rs 1 lakh to a political party can bring down your tax by Rs 30,900.

Proof required: You must have a stamped receipt of the payment from the political party. 

5. Use education loan to lower tax

The rising cost of higher education is forcing people to borrow money to pay the fee of their children’s professional courses. The taxman is sympathetic and offers a deduction that can lower the cost of the loan. The interest paid on an education loan is fully deductible from taxable income under Section 80E. Till a few years back, this deduction was available only to the borrower. Now, even a parent or a spouse can avail of it. What’s more, this now includes loans taken for vocational courses. “If a parent or legal guardian takes the loan, he can claim deduction for the interest paid for up to eight successive years, starting from the year in which the interest is first paid,” says Shanbhag.

However, loans taken for siblings and other relatives do not qualify. Also, the lender must be a recognised financial institution; loans from employers or individuals do not count.

How much tax can you save: If you take a Rs 10 lakh education loan at 10% interest for 8 years, you can save Rs 1.41 lakh in tax in the highest tax bracket. This will bring down the effective cost of the loan to 7% per annum.

Proof required: Loan statement from lender.

6. Disabilities can be tax savers

There are other signs to suggest that the taxman is not the heartless Scrooge he is often made out to be. If a taxpayer suffers from a disability, he can claim deduction of Rs 75,000 under Sec 80U. If he has a disabled dependent, he can claim the deduction under Sec 80DD. Disability includes blindness, low vision, leprosy, hearing impairment, loco-motor disability, mental retardation and mental illness and deduction is available only if the impairment is at least 40%. If the disability is severe (80% or above), the deduction is Rs 1 lakh a year. The dependant could include the taxpayer’s spouse, children, parents and even siblings.

Incidentally, the deduction is offered as a lump sum and does not depend on the actual amount that the taxpayer may spend on himself or on the disabled dependent. However, the disabled person should be wholly or mainly dependent on the taxpayer for maintenance, and should not have claimed deduction for the disability under Section 80U separately.

How much tax can you save: A deduction of Rs 75,000 can cut tax by Rs 23,175 in the highest tax bracket. In case of severe disability, the tax is lower by Rs 30,900.

Proof required: A certificate of disability from a civil surgeon or the chief medical officer of a government hospital.

7. Take unlimited deduction for your second home loan

When it comes to buying a second house, the taxman can be very encouraging. Under Section 24b, one can claim deduction of up to Rs 1.5 lakh a lakh for interest paid on a home loan. But if the taxpayer buys a second house through another home loan and gives it on rent, the entire interest paid on the home loan during a given year can be claimed as a deduction. As Savla says, “If you have more than one house, any one is deemed to be rented out. So the interest income on the home loan for that house can be claimed entirely for deduction, provided the rental income or a deemed income is charged to tax.”

How much tax can you save: If you have taken a home loan of Rs 50 lakh at 9.5% for 20 years, your interest payment in the first year will be Rs 4.7 lakh and you can save tax up to Rs 1.09 lakh.

Proof required: Loan account statement from your lender

8. Claim HRA as well as home loan benefits

But you can claim both house rent allowance (HRA) exemption as well as the tax benefits on the interest paid on a home loan. Many organizations do not allow employees to claim both benefits. Their logic is that HRA is exempt if you are paying rent and home loan benefits apply only for a self-occupied house. You can’t be doing both at the same time. But this is a gray area in the Income Tax Act. “In legal terms, silence signifies approval.

In other words, the Act need not expressly allow something. The lack of express disallowance also signifies intention of approval,” says Shanbhag. So given this, HRA and interest on home loan are two separate provisions and claiming one of them as a deduction does not influence the other. As Shanbhag puts it, “The taxpayer may own any number of flats, either in the same city that he works in or anywhere else in the whole of India or for that matter abroad, but that in no way influences the HRA deduction that he is entitled to.”

There are many such examples in the tax laws. Let’s take for instance, Section 80C (PPF, NSC, ELSS etc.) and Section 80D (medical insurance premium). “Everyone will agree that both Section 80C and Section 80D can be separately claimed. But does it expressly say so anywhere?” asks Shanbhag.

How much tax can you save: In the highest tax bracket, a deduction for Rs 1.5 lakh will bring down your tax by Rs 46,350.

Proof required: Loan account statement from your lender

Marc faber’s comment on US economy.

Investment analyst and entrepreneur Dr. Marc Faber concluded his
monthly bulletin (June 2008) with the Following:

The federal government is sending each of us a $600 rebate. If we spend that money at Wal-Mart, the money goes to China. If we spend it on gasoline it goes to the Arabs. If we buy a computer it will go to India. If we purchase fruit and vegetables it will go to Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala. If we purchase a good car it will go to Germany. If we purchase useless crap it will go to Taiwan and none of it will help the American economy. The only way to keep that money here at home is to spend it on prostitutes and beer, since these are the only products still produced in US. I’ve been doing my part.

------
Taken from

http://iisc.wordpress.com/2008/09/17/marc-fabers-comment-on-us-economy/

RECENT PERFORMANCE

BUY GODS GRACE
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EDUCOMP HIT TGT OF 5% WITHIN A WEEK.

DR. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam ’s Speech in Hyderabad

Why is the media here so negative?
Why are we in India so embarrassed to recognize our own strengths, our achievements?
We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why?
We are the first in milk production.
We are number one in Remote sensing satellites.
We are the second largest producer of wheat.
We are the second largest producer of rice.
Look at Dr. Sudarshan , he has transferred the tribal village into a self-sustaining, self-driving unit. There are millions of such achievements but our media is only obsessed in the bad news and failures and disasters.
I was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the day after a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the picture of a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert into an orchid and a granary. It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The gory details of killings, bombardments, deaths, were inside in the newspaper, buried among other news.

In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime.. Why are we so NEGATIVE? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? We want foreign T.Vs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology.

Why this obsession with everything imported. Do we not realize that self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is. She replied: I want to live in a developed India . For her, you and I will have to build this developed India . You must proclaim. India is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed nation.
Do you have 10 minutes? Allow me to come back with a vengeance.

Got 10 minutes for your country? If yes, then read; otherwise, choice is yours.
YOU say that our government is inefficient.
YOU say that our laws are too old.
YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage.
YOU say that the phones don’t work, the railways are a joke. The airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination.
YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits.

YOU say, say and say. What do YOU do about it?

Take a person on his way to Singapore. Give him a name - ‘YOURS’. Give him a face - ‘YOURS’. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International best. In Singapore you don’t throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in the stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground links as they are. You pay $5 (approx. Rs. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim Causeway or Pedder Road) between 5 PM and 8 PM. YOU come back to the parking lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or a shopping mall irrespective of your status identity… In Singapore you don’t say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldn’t dare to eat in public during Ramadan, in Dubai . YOU would not dare to go out without your head covered in Jeddah.
YOU would not dare to buy an employee of the telephone exchange in London at 10 pounds (Rs.650) a month to, ’see to it that my STD and ISD calls are billed to someone else.’YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph (88 km/h) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop, ‘Jaanta hai main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am?). I am so and so’s son. Take your two bucks and get lost.’ YOU wouldn’t chuck an empty coconut shell anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New Zealand .
Why don’t YOU spit Paan on the streets of Tokyo? Why don’t YOU use examination jockeys or buy fake certificates in Boston??? We are still talking of the same YOU. YOU who can respect and conform to a foreign system in other countries but cannot in your own. You who will throw papers and cigarettes on the road the moment you touch Indian ground. If you can be an involved and appreciative citizen in an alien country, why cannot you be the same here in India?

Once in an interview, the famous Ex-municipal commissioner of Bombay, Mr. Tinaikar, had a point to make. ‘Rich people’s dogs are walked on the streets to leave their affluent droppings all over the place,’ he said. ‘And then the same people turn around to criticize and blame the authorities for inefficiency and dirty pavements. What do they expect the officers to do? Go down with a broom every time their dog feels the pressure in his bowels?
In America every dog owner has to clean up after his pet has done the job. Same in Japan.
Will the Indian citizen do that here?’ He’s right. We go to the polls to choose a government and after that forfeit all responsibility.
We sit back wanting to be pampered and expect the government to do everything for us whilst our contribution is totally negative. We expect the government to clean up but we are not going to stop chucking garbage all over the place nor are we going to stop to pick a up a stray piece of paper and throw it in the bin. We expect the railways to provide clean bathrooms but we are not going to learn the proper use of bathrooms.
We want Indian Airlines and Air India to provide the best of food and toiletries but we are not going to stop pilfering at the least opportunity.
This applies even to the staff who is known not to pass on the service to the public.

When it comes to burning social issues like those related to women, dowry, girl child! and others, we make loud drawing room protestations and continue to do the reverse at home. Our excuse? ‘It’s the whole system which has to change, how will it matter if I alone forego my sons’ rights to a dowry.’ So who’s going to change the system?
What does a system consist of? Very conveniently for us it consists of our neighbours, other households, other cities, other communities and the government. But definitely not me and YOU. When it comes to us actually making a positive contribution to the system we lock ourselves along with our families into a safe cocoon and look into the distance at countries far away and wait for a Mr.Clean to come along & work miracles for us with a majestic sweep of his hand or we leave the country and run away.
Like lazy cowards hounded by our fears we run to America to bask in their glory and praise their system. When New York becomes insecure we run to England . When England experiences unemployment, we take the next flight out to the Gulf. When the Gulf is war struck, we demand to be rescued and brought home by the Indian government. Everybody is out to abuse and rape the country. Nobody thinks of feeding the system. Our conscience is mortgaged to money.

Dear Indians, The article is highly thought inductive, calls for a great deal of introspection and pricks one’s conscience too…. I am echoing J. F. Kennedy’s words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians…..

‘ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY’

Lets do what India needs from us.

Share this with every Indian for a change instead of sending Jokes or junk mails.

Thank you,

Dr. Abdul Kalam

Trading Basics

Friends,

Here is the transcript of portion of the subject teached in class conducted by me few days back.We have discussed about various wise investment options/ideas/decision making etc.

In this post some of the basic things one must follow while trading (considering one has subscribed for any Tips provider.Which is dangerous thing to do in most of the cases !!) will be covered. I hope these basic things would help you increase your profits and minimise your losses.

1. Never Jump into a trade or do compulsive trading.

It is a common habit of many people to trade just for the sake of trading. Traders, for the sake of trading something, become desperate to trade which results in losses. Always try and trade at the levels given. If after the trade is given, and before you buy, the prices have shot up, please apply your brains before entering that trade. Or, if a trade is given and it is over, and again you find the script at the recommended price, don’t try and enter the same until advised.

For eg: Tip provider give a trade to buy a Call "comany A "trading at Rs.100 with s/l 90 for a target of 110-120. When you receive the call, the call is trading at Rs 105, and you enter it just for trading. Please apply your mind and see that the call has already reached halfway from the entry levels given, and if you enter it, you are playing for a target of just 5Rs. against a stop loss of Rs.15. Also, there is a chance that amount you earn will be gone towards brokerage. At the most, you can enter around 101-102 levels.
Again, suppose the call given hits the 1st target and again comes back at 100. This does not mean that you will again long it with the same stop loss and target, until and unless advised.

2. Play with proper stop loss and targets.

Whenever a call is given please stick to the stop loss until Tip provider instruct you to change/ignore it. Please do not alter the stop loss as you wish. Please do not rely on hope that the call will see targets after hitting the stop loss, so stick to the stop loss. The same goes with targets. Don’t be greedy for bigger profits. Keep on booking profits. Remember, a good trader is one who can not only book profits but also book losses. Also, a good trader will always keep on booking profits.

Suppose Tip provider has given 3 targets for a call and you are holding 4 lots. Try to book 2 lots at 1st target and increase your stop loss to cost , book 1lot at 2nd target with stop loss at target 1 and the last lot at 3rd target with stop loss at target 2.However, if you are a safe player, I suggest you to book all lots at the 1st target itself. If you are holding a single lot then try and book at first target or trail above cost.

3. Play with trailing stop loss.

Please do trail your positions. Trailing means to keep on increasing the stop loss towards cost and ultimately trying to bring the stop loss above cost. This would reduce your losses and keep you in profits most of the time.


For eg: You buy " company A " call at 100 for target 120 - 150 with stop loss 90. After a few minutes, you see that the call is trading at 110, here you must increase your stop loss from 90 to may be 98-100 (depends on your risk appetite). Now after a few minutes the call is trading at 120, try to keep the stop loss at 108-110 now. Even if the trailing stop loss of the new stop loss is hit, you will still be in profits as your stop loss is above cost now. If trailing stop loss is hit then exit instead of relying on hope or altering it.

Trailing stop loss minimizes your chances of losses and increases profit.

4. Please trade on all calls given by tips provider

Please trade on all calls given by Tips Provider and trade in equal number of lots. This would reduce your chances of losing and would help u in earning. It is very difficult to have an accuracy of 100% in the calls. So, at times, some of the calls may hit stop losses. So it might happen that 10% of the calls hit stop loss and to your utter dissatisfaction, you would have traded in those 10% calls only. And this happens with people who choose between calls. If you have relied on Tip provider and joined the service, then have faith and trade in all calls rather then using your brains and selecting calls. Trading in all calls gives you the advantage of earning the profits in accurate calls and make up for the calls which hit stop loss.


5. Please trade equally.

Please trade in all calls in equal quantity. If you have decided that you will trade only 1 lot, and then on every call given tip provider, trade in 1 lot only. Please don’t be selective. It might so happen that you traded in more than 1 lot and you suffered a loss and hence you decided to trade in just 1 lot. Please don’t do this. If it is mentioned by Tip provider in his/her call, that trade in this many number of lots then you can have a different number of lots traded, else please trade equally on each call.

In general even if no update is given on any call given, tip providers presume that a trader will book half of his holdings at the first target. If he holds only 1 lot, then he must book that at 1st target or trail it above cost.


Happy Investing :-)

God Bless all of Us !

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within a week.